More Than a Diagnosis

As children head back to school and settle into new routines, some parents may notice challenges that seem bigger than the usual adjustment period. Maybe a child struggles to sit still during class, loses homework every week, or has difficulty following directions. Others may seem constantly distracted, disorganized, or impulsive.

If that sounds familiar, you’re not alone.

According to national estimates, approximately 2.4 million children ages six to 11 in the United States have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While ADHD is common, many families are unsure what the signs look like or what to do next.

“Parents of children with ADHD may find it more difficult to engage their children, leaving them feeling frustrated, exhausted, and worried that they’re doing something wrong,” says Crystal DeVito, PhD, senior child and adolescent psychologist and leader of Sheppard Pratt’s Center for Youth. “But many times, what they’re experiencing simply reflects how their child’s brain is wired.”

The Signs Can Start Earlier Than You Think

Many people think ADHD first appears when a child starts school. In reality, signs show up much earlier.

DeVito says some children who are later diagnosed with ADHD were temperamentally difficult infants or toddlers who struggled with sleep, feeding, and self-soothing. As preschoolers, they seem unusually active, impulsive, or constantly on the move.

One surprising sign? Sleep problems.

More than half of young children with ADHD experience significant sleep difficulties. They resist bedtime, struggle to fall asleep, or wake frequently during the night. Hunger cues, bathroom needs, and other body signals can also be harder for them to recognize.

As children get older, ADHD may look different. Common signs include:

• Difficulty paying attention
• Trouble staying organized
• Frequently losing items
• Forgetting instructions
• Impulsive behavior
• Excessive talking
• Difficulty sitting still
• Problems completing schoolwork

Girls are often diagnosed later than boys because their symptoms may be less noticeable. Rather than showing hyperactivity, many girls experience the inattentive form of ADHD, which can look like daydreaming, forgetfulness, or difficulty focusing.

Why an Evaluation Matters

Many ADHD symptoms can overlap with other conditions, including anxiety, autism, sleep disorders, and developmental differences. That’s why DeVito recommends a comprehensive evaluation rather than relying on screening tools alone.

“Getting an accurate diagnosis early can prevent problems from snowballing later,” she says.

An accurate diagnosis can help families:

• Understand what their child is experiencing and reduce conflicts
• Access appropriate treatment
• Receive school-based supports
• Build skills that improve daily life
• Prevent challenges with self-esteem, friendships, and learning

It also helps parents understand that ADHD is not caused by parenting problems. In fact, DeVito says parents often need support just as much as their children do.

ADHD Is Not All Challenges

When people hear ADHD, they often think about difficulties. But DeVito sees something else every day.

“I love working with these kids,” she says. “They’re wonderful, spontaneous, creative, empathic, unique thinkers.”

Children with ADHD are often curious, imaginative, enthusiastic, and deeply engaged in topics that interest them. They can bring tremendous creativity, problem-solving skills, and energy to the classroom and to life. It is important to note that ADHD does not affect intelligence. In fact, many children with ADHD are exceptionally bright.

The goal is not to change who they are but rather to help them learn strategies that allow their strengths to shine.

Support Is Available

The good news is that ADHD is highly manageable.

For younger children, one of the most effective interventions is parent behavior management training. Families learn practical strategies to create routines, organize the home environment, communicate clearly, and reduce daily frustration.

Simple changes can make a big difference. Consistent routines, visual organization systems, clear instructions, and structured schedules often help children thrive.

Schools can also provide valuable support through Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), accommodations, movement breaks, organizational coaching, sensory tools, and classroom adjustments that help children stay focused and engaged.

Depending on a child’s age and needs, additional supports may include:

• Individual therapy
• Parent coaching
• Family support groups
• School consultation
• Medication, when appropriate

The most important thing is finding the right combination of supports for each child.

Taking the First Step

If you’ve noticed ongoing attention, organization, hyperactivity, or impulsivity concerns, don’t wait to seek answers. An evaluation can provide clarity, identify strengths, and connect your family with tools that make everyday life easier.

Most importantly, it can help your child understand that ADHD is not a flaw. It’s simply one part of who they are.

With the right support, children with ADHD can thrive at home, in school, and beyond.